Miami-Dade's small elementary schools spend more per student; a median-based benchmark gap totals $20 million
Thesis
Smaller schools have higher reported per-pupil spending. In 2024-25 the 26 district-run elementary schools with fewer than 300 students spent a median $16,893 per pupil at the school level, against $14,051 at schools of 500 to 749 and $11,895 at schools over 1,000. Summing each small school's spending above the mid-sized median across its own students comes to $20.5 million a year for the 6,103 students in the small schools, $3,356 per student (the simpler reading, the $2,842 gap between the two medians times the students, gives $17.3 million; the difference is the few very small schools that spend far above the median). Both figures are descriptive comparisons with a reference median, not estimates of avoidable costs or closure savings.
Supporting findings
- Spearman correlation between log enrollment and per-pupil spending is −0.60 for elementary schools and −0.64 for K-8 centers (n = 157 and 58).
- Spending is the state's ESSA per-pupil expenditure report, school-level costs only (district indirect costs excluded; the 'total' series that adds them back is served separately). The size bands and medians are on the analysis page's Figure 6 and Table 5.
- Fixed costs are one possible explanation; programs, student needs and staffing also differ across schools. The cross-sectional comparison does not identify how much of the spending could be avoided.
Reporting directions
- Ask the district for the staffing-formula minimums (assistant principal, counselor, media specialist) that create the step costs.
- Request a school-level avoidable-cost analysis that includes staffing, transportation, transition and capital costs before estimating closure savings.
- Check whether the listed schools are the highest-cost ones: join the flagged-school table (Table 7) to the per-pupil expenditure metric by school number.
Where the numbers are
Methodology & replication recipe — the queries and sources behind the findings above.